Sewerage Systems create a useful resource such as treated wastewater
	valuable water resource in urban area and sewage sludge, new biomass
	energy resource.
	Please refer to
		<http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/050127/Reuse_of_Treated_Wastewater2.htm
	and
		<http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/050427/Reuse_of_Sewage_Sludge.htm>
	Also, upper space of covered Wastewater Treatment Plant and Pumping
	Station is valuable open space in overcrowded city, and the inside of
	sewer pipe is now effectively used for Optical Fiber Cable Installation.
	In this page, effective utilization of upper space of WTP and Optical
	Fiber Installation in Sewers are explained.
	Table-1 Effectibve use of resources and facilities
	1)	Utilization of upper space of covered WTP
		As the population has excessively increased in urban area, effective
		land use, place of recreation and relaxation for citizens and
		formation of good urban landscape are required in the overcrowded
		area.  In this situation, the upper space of covered WTP or pumping
		station is a valuable open space.
		Also, in urban area, urban heat island (UHI), a metropolitan area
		which is significantly warmer than its surroundings, has become a
		serious problem, and rooftop gardening of covered WTP would be a very
		effective measure for UHI..
		Given these situations, the upper space of covered WTP and Pumping
		Station has been used as parks surrounded by greenery, tennis court,
		baseball ground, etc. Also, the upper space has been utilized
		recently for evacuation site in a time of disaster, and public
		hall or concert hall have been constructed on the covered WTP.
		In 2003, the total utilization area of covered WTP and Pumping
		Station is 2,610,000m2.
		Photo-1 Covered WTP in Shinjyuku, Tokyo
		Photo-2 Cross Section of Covered WTP
		Photo-3 Arakawa Nature Park in Tokyo
		Photo-4
		Concert Hall is Constructed in the Space above Pumping Station in Fukuoka
	2)	Installation of Optical Fibers in Sewers
		As the sewer pipes connect each house and office building, and
		more than 70 million people's houses are connected to the public
		sewer systems, inside of the pipe is very suitable space for
		installing fiber optical cable with high information carrying capacity.
		Advantages of installation of optical fibers in sewers are as follows.
		(1) Easy network composition as each house is connected to sewer pipes
		(2) No need for additional excavation
		(3) Shortening work period and reduction of construction cost compared
		with newly construction of underground fiber optical cable
		(4) no spoiling of the site as the fiber is installed in the underground
		sewer pipes
		Fiber optical cable installed in sewer pipes is basically used for
		remote monitoring and control of Pumping Stations and WTPs. In addition
		to that, recently it is used for industrial wastewater quality monitoring
		for temperature, pH, SS, flow rate, etc., and Internet and/or Cable TV
		managed by electronic communications companies.
		Total length of fiber optical cable in sewer pipes was 1,671 km in 2005,
		and 213 km was installed by electronic communications companies.
		Fig.1 Space for Optical Fiber Cable
		Fig.2 Optical Fiber Cable Installation in Sewer Pipe
		Photoes are provided by Japan Sewer Optical Fiber Technological Association
		Please visit
		http//www.softa.or.jp/02-information_English.html
		Robot Cable Installation Method (Anchor thermo-Compression)
		Fig.3 Robot Cable Installation Method (Anchor thermo-compression)
		Fig.4 Soft Plan (Sewer Optical Fiber Tele-Way Network Plan)

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