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SBMC Newsletter
From Sewerage Business Management Center
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/

Vol.4 No.2
2-Aug-06

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This is the 14th Issue of SBMC Newsletter provided by
Sewerage Business Management Centre quarterly.

SBMC Newsletter covers Japan's ODA information in the field of
sewage works and current situation of sewage works in Japan.

If you wish to subscribe or unsubscribe or were subscribed in
error, please refer to the instruction below on how to register
or unsubscribe.

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The contents of this issue are as follows.

1. SEWERAGE SYSTEMS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN JAPAN
Technical Cooporation Program

2. SEA WATER DESALINATION PLANT
Utilization of Membrane Filter

3. REPORT FROM PARTICIPANTS IN 2005 SEWAGE WORKS ENGINEERING
AND STORMWATER DRAINAGE TECHNOLOGY JICA TRAINING PROGRAM
Mr. Alamgir Hasin Ahmed
from Bangladesh

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1. SEWERAGE SYSTEMS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN JAPAN
Technical Cooporation Program

So far, SBMC Newsletter has provided the information of organizations
relating International Technical Cooperation Program in the field
of sewage works, and we have made new webpage introducing these
organizations.
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/060727/Sewerage_Facility_&
Organization.html

Among them, MLIT; Ministry of Land Infrastructure and transport,
JS; Japan Sewage Works Agency, and SBMC; Sewerage Business Management
Center are main implementation organization for JICA Technical
Cooperation Program such as multilateral program and country
focused program.

Relating Webpage of these organization
MLIT ; http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/Bodies.htm
NILIM ; http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/060130/NILIM_MLIT.htm
JS ; http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/050127/Role_&_Activity2.htm
R&D Div.;
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/200407/Research_and
Techology_Development2.htm
SBMC ; http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/

Previously, the main purpose of Sewage Works Engineering Group
Training Course was?the transfer of technology or knowledge
relating sewage works, but recently this coursefs main purpose has
been modifyed.? The main purpose of new program is to contribute to
the water quality environment in each country to cooperate with
considering?the solution for specific topic, which each participant
has clarified, in addition to the previous purpose.

According to GI; General Information for 2006 Sewage Works
Engineering and Stormwater Drainage Course, the purpose of the
program is to improve water quality in public water bodies by
appropriate planning, implementation and management of comprehensiv
sewerage works for comfortable living environment and sustainable
development.

This program will provide senior technical officers with opportunities
to obtain comprehensive knowledge and information related to sewage
works with effective measures.

Also, each participant of this course is expected to consider
appropriate measures for water quality conservation and stormwater
drainage in respective country based on acquired knowledge and
information through the program implemented in Japan.

In this respect, the main purpose of course has changed from the
training program to the technical corporation program to find and
consider the solution for specific topic by lecture, practice,
site visit, country report, discussion, case study, etc.

In addition to group training course, recently country focused
program has been also implemented. The main purpose of country
focused program is to consider the solution and counter measures for
specific topic in the particular country by lecture, practice, site
visit, country report, discussion, case study, etc. managed and
implemented in Japan.

Each participant in the program will review and study on the solution
and counter measures for specific topic in the country by experiencing
sewage systems and its management methods in Japan and by comparing
them with the current status of sewage system in the country during
the course.

The country focused program started from last year, and following
programs were implemented by MLIT, JS, and SBMC in cooperation
with JICA Expert dispatched in particular country.

Thailand ; Organizations and Structure for Sewage Works Management
Brazil ; Automation of Sanitation Systems
China ; Maintenance and Operation for Sewerage Systems

In this year, following two programs have been implemented and
other three programs are scheduled.

India ; Water Quality Management in Hussainsugar Lake
India ; Sewage Works Management

These programs have been implemented in close cooperation with
munisipalities. For instance, Group course is managed by MLIT,
JS, SBMC, Osaka City, and Osaka City Sewerage Engineering
Association, as Sewage Works Engineering Course managed
by SBMC and Stormwater Draining Technology Course managed
by Osaka City were merged into new JICA Training Course,
"Sewage Works Engineering and Stormwater Drainage
Technology" from 2005.

China M&O for Sewerage Systems course is managed in conjunction
with Sapporo City and Kitakyushu City. Also, we have a close
relation with Tokyo Metropolitan Government in each program,
and as to the specific topic, the cooperation with other
municipalities have been promoted.

After these programs, the relating organizations (MLIT, JS, SBMC,
Municipalities, JICA, JBIC) meet together and have a meeting to
discuss the result and future direction of each technical
corporation program.

In these programs and meetings, SBMC has been playing the
important role to coordinate and manage these activities.

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2. SEA WATER DESALINATION PLANT
Utilization of Membrane Process

Fukuoka City, the largest city in Kyushu Main Island, has suffered
from severe drought because of its geological condition. There are
no big rivers or lakes near the city, and it is very difficult to
construct dams for reason of lack of suitable places.

Especially in 1978, the water supply was restricted in 287 days,
and only 5 hours water supply in the daytime continued for 71 days.
Also, in 1994, water supply restricts continued for 295 days, and
it had a great impact on citizenfs life.

To cope with this situation, Fukuoka prefecture set up "Fukuoka
Regional Water Supply Development Plan" in 1997, and organized the
project of the Sea Water Desalination Plant of which enterprising
body is Fukuoka District Water Works Agency which comprise of 8 cities,
9 towns, and one local public utilities administrative agency near
Fukuoka City.

The Agency, which was established in 1973, provides the municipal
water supply services, serving as a water distributor to municipal
water supply entities, which provide water to households, and
commenced the operation of Sea Water Desalination Plant in 2005
of which capacity is 50,000 m3 per day.? This production amount
is about 8% of total water demands in Fukuoka metropolitan area.

There are mainly three methods for seawater desalination,
Evaporation method, Electro dialysis, Reverse osmosis, and the
Agency adopted the Reverse osmosis method, which has started to
be widely used in the country and overseas.

Reverse osmosis is one of effective seawater desalination method
using semipermeable membrane that is permeable to fresh water but not
to salt. The types of membrane process used in the plant are UF
Membrane, High-Pressure RO Membrane, and Low Pressure RO Membrane.

UF membrane is a spiral wound type porous film and removes not
salts but suspended matter, colloidal materials and viruses from
raw seawater by the filtration.

High-pressure RO Membrane, hollow fibers bundle, efficiently
removes dissolved salts from filtered sea water by UF membrane.

Low-pressure RO Membrane is also spiral wound type loose
semipermeable membranes,?and it is used for the adjustment of
the product water quality.

Using these three type membrane processes, the agency produces
the fresh water by removing salts and other impurities from
seawater, which has a salinity of about 3.5% on average.

The other unique system adopted in the plant is Sea Water
Intake System using seawater infiltration system. This system
can collect quiet clear seawater, which penetrate through the
sand on the ocean floor, without installing grit chamber or other
structures, which might affect the surrounding environment.

To collect clear seawater, the water level of an intake tank is
lowered below sea level by onshore intake pumps. The difference
in water level creates a flow causing seawater to flow into the
porous intake pipe. The seawater is drawn up at a very slow rate,
less than the critical velocity of flow, without clogging sand
layer.

To produce 50,000m3 fresh water from seawater, about 100,000m3
seawater is required. After the filtration, the concentrate is
discharged to Hakata Bay. Usually, the salt concentration in
seawater is about 3.5%, but salt concentration of the concentrate
is about twice of original seawater.

Then, considering the effect to marine organism, the concentrate
with high salt concentration is diluted by treated municipal
sewage from Wajiro Sewage Treatment Plant managed by Fukuoka
City, which is located 4km east from the desalination plant.
Also, the utilization of concentrate, which contains much
salt, is under review.

The membrane process has been widely used in various fields, and
the desalination is one of effective example. In the field of
wastewater treatment, membrane process is also used for Membrane
Bioreactor, which has lots of advantages.

Regading Membrane Bioreactor, please refer to
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/membrane%20bioreactor.htm

To see an illustrated version of this topic, please visit following
webpage.
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/060727/Sea_Water_Desalination
Plant.html
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3. REPORT FROM PARTICIPANTS IN 2005 SEWAGE WORKS ENGINEERING AND
STORMWATER DRAINAGE TECHNOLOGY JICA TRAINING PROGRAM
Mr. Alamgir Hasin Ahmed
from Bangladesh

Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh having a population of more
than 12 million in the year 2004 and an area of 400 km2. It is
projected that by the end of the year 2020 Dhaka will be one of
the 10 largest cities of the world with a population of more than
20 million.

Dhaka WASA (Water Supply and Sewerage Authority) is responsible
and dedicated for the supply of potable drinking water, sewerage
and storm water drainage of the most part of the city. Dhaka
WASA supplies 90% of total requirement for potable drinking water
of the inhabitants.
the other hand, adopting a separate system it serves Sewerage
facilities to the 20% of population and 30% of total area of
storm water drainage facility.

There is one sewerage treatment plant (Wastewater) situated in
the South-East periphery of the city named "Pagla sewerage
treatment plant" having a capacity of 120,0000 m3/day.

At present the capacity of treatment plant is not enough
to serve the rapidly growing population of the city, and
extension of WTP is needed.

After treatment, the wastewater is discharged to the river
Buriganga. For storm water drainage, there are three storm water
pumping stations, and two pumping stations are operated and
maintained by DWASA named Kallyanpur and Dholaikhal storm water
pumping station. The other is by Bangladesh Water Development
Board named Goran Chatbari storm water pumping station.

These three pumping stations can only pump-out the storm water
from the Western part of the city. The storm water of Eastern
part is drained out by only gravitational flow through underground
pipe drain, brick drain, box-culverts as there is no embankment
in that part. After heavy downpour and during monsoon the Central
and Eastern part of the city suffers severe water logging problem.

A multipurpose project named "Eastern bypass", where construction
of embankment is the major feature, is under active consideration
of Government of Bangladesh. After the construction of Eastern Bypass,
storm water drainage network and pumping stations for storm water,
Dhaka is supposed to be free from river floods.

Also, master plan for storm water drainage of Dhaka city is under
preparation shall be completed very shortly. In this Master plan,
Dhaka WASA has selected 33 flood retention ponds, which requires 72
Km2 area for retaining flood water, and 7 of them shall be converted
into constructed wetlands.

Bangladesh is trying to arrange the basic amenities like potable
water supply, sanitation, wastewater management, and storm water
drainage. To ensure that development, the Government of Bangladesh
formulated National Policy for Safe Water Supply and Sanitation,
in 1998, and Dhaka WASA is expected to enlarge its territory of
water supply and the area of the sewerage and drainage systems
along with increasing number of citizens and ensure the proper
service.

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We appreciate your comments or opinion on SBMC Homepage and this
newsletter. Especially, if you would send us a report about current
status of water environment, sewerage works, etc. in your country,
it should be grateful.

The address of SBMC Homepage is http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/,
@ and please send an e-mail to
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