| ********************************************************** | ||||||
| SBMC Newsletter | ||||||
| From Sewerage Business Management Center | ||||||
| <http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/> | ||||||
| Vol.4 No.4 | ||||||
| January 31, 2007 | ||||||
| ********************************************************** | ||||||
| This is the 16th Issue of SBMC Newsletter provided | ||||||
| by Sewerage Business Management Centre quarterly. | ||||||
| SBMC Newsletter covers Japan's ODA information in the | ||||||
| field of sewage works and current situation of sewage | ||||||
| works in Japan. | ||||||
| If you wish to subscribe or unsubscribe or were | ||||||
| subscribed in error, please refer to the instruction | ||||||
| below on how to register or unsubscribe. | ||||||
| ********************************************************** | ||||||
| The contents of this issue are as follows. | ||||||
| 1. | COUNTRY FOCUSED PROGRAM | |||||
| Solution for Water Environment Protection in Each | ||||||
| Country | ||||||
| 2. | TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY | |||||
| A System of Directly Installing Pipes in the Ground | ||||||
| without Open Cut | ||||||
| 3. | REPORT FROM PARTICIPANTS IN 2006 SEWAGE WORKS | |||||
| ENGINEERING AND STORMWATER DRAINAGE TECHNOLOGY | ||||||
| JICA TRAINING PROGRAM | ||||||
| Mr.Francis Eduardo P. Ayapana Jr. | ||||||
| from Philippines | ||||||
| ********************************************************** | ||||||
| 1. | COUNTRY FOCUSED PROGRAM | |||||
| Solution for Water Environment Problems in Each | ||||||
| Country | ||||||
| As we reported in the Newsletter Vol.4 No.2, SBMC has | ||||||
| organized and managed the country focused program in | ||||||
| addition to the JICA group course. | ||||||
| Participants in the country focused program review and | ||||||
| study the solution and counter measures for specific topic | ||||||
| in the country by experiencing sewage systems and its | ||||||
| management methods in Japan and by comparing them with the | ||||||
| current status of sewage system in the contry during the | ||||||
| course. | ||||||
| The country focused program started from 2005. Following | ||||||
| programs were implemented in 2005 by MLIT, JS, and SBMC in | ||||||
| cooperation with JICA Expert dispatched in each country. | ||||||
| Thailand; Organizations and Structure for Sewage Works | ||||||
| Management | ||||||
| Brazil; Automation of Sanitation Systems | ||||||
| China; Maintenance and Operation for Sewerage Systems | ||||||
| In 2006, four JICA programs and one JBIC program in | ||||||
| addition to the JICA group course were implemented, and | ||||||
| these programs' purposes are as follows. | ||||||
|
India; Water Quality Management in Hussainsugar Lake
|
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| (JICA) | ||||||
| To improve water quality of Hussainsugar Lake, the program | ||||||
| provided participants with opportunities to obtain the | ||||||
| information regarding comprehensive lake water quality | ||||||
| control measures such as promotion of sewerage systems, | ||||||
| dredging, water quality purification system using | ||||||
| vegetation, etc. and examine an improvement plan of water | ||||||
| quality of the Lake by using information and technology | ||||||
| concerning sewerage system management acquired through | ||||||
| the program. | ||||||
| India; Sewage Works Management (JICA) | ||||||
| The purpose of this program is to provide management level | ||||||
| officials of sewage works in India with opportunities to | ||||||
| understand organizations and systems necessary for sewage | ||||||
| works in Japan obtain the information relating basic | ||||||
| concept of implementation of the works and widen views | ||||||
| related to management of sewerage systems, in order to | ||||||
| contribute to water quality preservation. | ||||||
| India; Maintenance and Operation for Sewerage Systems | ||||||
| (JICA) | ||||||
| The purpose of this program is to provide management | ||||||
| level officials of sewage works in India with | ||||||
| opportunities to obtain information regarding sustainable | ||||||
| O&M measures, clarify the current situation and identify | ||||||
| issues, and review and study appropriate O&M measures and | ||||||
| systems for sewerage facilities. | ||||||
| China; Maintenance and Operation for Sewerage Systems | ||||||
| (JICA) | ||||||
| This program was organized for management level officials | ||||||
| who engaged in sewage works relating JBIC Project in China, | ||||||
| and its purpose is to contribute to the sound management | ||||||
| and sustainable O&M by obtaining the information regarding | ||||||
| appropriate O&M measures for Wastewater Treatment Plants | ||||||
| and Sewer Systems, effective utilization of treated | ||||||
| wastewater and sewerage sludge, financial control for | ||||||
| sewerage systems, etc. | ||||||
| Vietnam; | ||||||
| Introducing Japan's Sewerage Sector to the Vietnamese | ||||||
| Wastewater Decree Drafting Committee (JBIC) | ||||||
| This program was organized for technical cooperation for | ||||||
| the decree on Drainage/Sewerage Management in Vietnam, and | ||||||
| its purpose is to explain Japan's experience and present | ||||||
| status of sewage works and basic concept of Sewerage Law | ||||||
| and user charge systems in Japan to decree formulation | ||||||
| committee members and to make suggestion on the draft | ||||||
| decree. | ||||||
| After these programs, as we reported previously, the | ||||||
| relating organizations (MLIT, JS, SBMC, Municipalities, | ||||||
| JICA, JBIC) meet together and have a meeting to discuss | ||||||
| the result and future direction of each technical | ||||||
| corporation program. | ||||||
| In these programs and meetings, SBMC has been playing the | ||||||
| important role to coordinate and manage these activities. | ||||||
| 2. | TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY | |||||
| A System of Directly Installing Pipes in the Ground | ||||||
| without Open Cut | ||||||
| The city life in urban area is supported by lifeline such | ||||||
| as sewerage system, water supply system, city gas, | ||||||
| electricity and electrical communication, and most of them | ||||||
| consist of buried pipe in the ground. | ||||||
| The burial methods for these lifelines include the open | ||||||
| -cut method and the trenchless method. | ||||||
| The open-cut method's procedure is as follows and this | ||||||
| method has problems like traffic congestion, street | ||||||
| pavement damage, cost of surface damage, etc. Then, it | ||||||
| is often difficult to be adopted in overcrowded city. | ||||||
| 1) Open-cut method | ||||||
| (1) | The ground surface is cut open. | |||||
| (2) | Ready-made pipes are arranged on the bottom of | |||||
| the trench. | ||||||
| (3) | The trench is buried back. | |||||
| Trenchless method includes the shield method and the | ||||||
| pipejacking method, and these methods need excavating | ||||||
| less area of the ground surface compared to the open cut | ||||||
| method. Therefore, trenchless method is excellent | ||||||
| concerning the urban environment measures such as: | ||||||
| reduction of the area used for the construction; | ||||||
| reduction of the public nuisance caused by the | ||||||
| construction including noises, vibration, dusts; and | ||||||
| reduction of influence on traffic and citizens' living. | ||||||
| 2) Shield Method | ||||||
| (1) | A shield machine excavates the ground in front | |||||
| of it. | ||||||
| (2) | Segments are erected in the shield machine. | |||||
| (3) | The tunnel interior is completed with lining. | |||||
| 3) Pipejacking method | ||||||
| (1) | A starting shaft and an arrival shaft are provided | |||||
| respectively at both end of a designed pipeline | ||||||
| (2) | A pipejacking machine is jacked into the ground by | |||||
| a hydraulic jack from the starting shaft which | ||||||
| has a jacking equipment | ||||||
| (3) | Jackingpipes are added and connected one after | |||||
| another at the rear end of the jackingpipes and | ||||||
| the series of pipes are jacked | ||||||
| (4) | Thereby, the tunneling machine is delivered to the | |||||
| arrival shaft, and a conduit is constructed between | ||||||
| the starting shaft and the arrival shaft. | ||||||
| The pipejacking method is classified into: | ||||||
| (1) | Large and medium diameter pipejacking method for a | |||||
| nominal diameter of 800mm or larger, | ||||||
| (2) | Microtunnelling for a nominal diameter of 700mm or | |||||
| smaller, | ||||||
| (3) | Pipejacking for lateral pipes, and | |||||
| (4) | Pipe-replacement method. | |||||
| The large and medium diameter pipejacking is classified | ||||||
| into an open type and a closed type depending on whether | ||||||
| the cutting face is in an open state or not. | ||||||
|
The closed type is further classified into the slurry
|
||||||
|
type, the earth-pressure-balance type, and the soft slurry
|
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|
type depending on the cutting face supporting method, the
|
||||||
| spoil transporting method, etc. Microtunnelling is | ||||||
| classified into three methods depending on the type of | ||||||
| the jackicng pipe used. These are microtunnelling methods | ||||||
| for the concrete pipes, for the PVC pipes, and for the | ||||||
| steel casing pipes. | ||||||
| With the expansion of the sewerage systems from the large | ||||||
| cities to rural small-sized and medium-sized cities, or | ||||||
| from main lines to sub-main lines and branch lines, | ||||||
| various methods have been developed in response to the | ||||||
| social needs. | ||||||
| Today, diversification of uses is facilitated such as | ||||||
| establishment of the construction method for long lines | ||||||
| and sharply-curved lines, improvement of equipment and | ||||||
| material, automation of control and measurement. | ||||||
| This topic is provided in cooperation with Japan Society | ||||||
| for Trenchless Technology, and you can see the illustrated | ||||||
| version of this topic in the following web page. | ||||||
| <http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/070130/Trenchless Technology 1.html>> |
||||||
| 3. | REPORT FROM PARTICIPANT IN 2006 SEWAGE WORKS | |||||
| ENGINEERING AND STORMWATER DRAINAGE TECHNOLOGY JICA | ||||||
| TRAINING PROGRAM | ||||||
| Mr.Francis Eduardo P. Ayapana Jr. | ||||||
| from Philippines | ||||||
| The Philippine Archipelago is composed of 7,107 islands, | ||||||
| with a land area of 299,764 sq. kilometers. Its length | ||||||
| measures 1,850 kilometers, and its breadth is about 965 | ||||||
| kilometers. The Philippine coastline adds up to 17,500 km. | ||||||
| Three prominent bodies of water surround the archipelago: | ||||||
| surround the archipelago: the Pacific Ocean on the east, | ||||||
| the South China Sea on the west and north, and the Celebes | ||||||
| Sea on the south. It has a total population of 76M based | ||||||
| on the 2000 NSO survey. | ||||||
| Urban sanitation is one of the most serious challenges | ||||||
| facing Government of the Philippines. As a result of | ||||||
| rising urbanization over the last twenty years, more than | ||||||
| half the population now live in densely populated cities | ||||||
| and towns. About 80% of these urban households have | ||||||
| access to adequate sanitation and sewerage facility. | ||||||
| Domestic wastewater contributes 82% of the total organic | ||||||
| pollution, agricultural sources represent 11% and the | ||||||
| industrial wastewater accounts for 7% of the national | ||||||
| BOD loading. | ||||||
| More than 400 Water Districts have now been formed | ||||||
| outside the capital, but their main concern is water | ||||||
| supply, and very few are actively involved in the | ||||||
| provision of sewerage and sanitation services. | ||||||
| MWSS, Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System, upon | ||||||
| its establishment, was tasked with providing water, | ||||||
| sewerage and sanitation services in Metro Manila, the | ||||||
| whole of Rizal Province and Part of Cavite Province, and | ||||||
| has grown rapidly since then. In 1997, MWSS entered into | ||||||
| a contract with Manila Water Company and Maynilad Water | ||||||
| Service for a 25-year concession agreement. | ||||||
| These contracts included aggressive targets for expanding | ||||||
| sewerage and sanitation coverage targets. In the initial | ||||||
| stage of privatization, the Concessionaires focused on | ||||||
| water supply but with minimal progress on sewerage and | ||||||
| sanitation. Only around 8% of the population of Metro | ||||||
| Manila has sewer connections and coverage is much lower | ||||||
| in the national level. | ||||||
| Both concessionaires improved their sewerage and | ||||||
| sanitation services with the completion of Manila Second | ||||||
| Sewerage Project (MSSP). In order to further expand the | ||||||
| sewerage and sanitation projects in Metro Manila, another | ||||||
| sewerage project, Manila Third Sewerage Project (MTSP) | ||||||
| which will commence this year was conceptualized to reduce | ||||||
| water pollution of waterways within Metro manila and | ||||||
| Manila Bay through expansion of the septage management | ||||||
| program through a combined sewage drainage system. | ||||||
| With respect to effluent standards, we have the DAO 35 of | ||||||
| the DENR which regulates all industrial and municipal | ||||||
| wastewater effluents all over the country. Separate | ||||||
| standards are used for conventional pollutants and for | ||||||
| strong industrial wastewater with high BOD. For strong | ||||||
| wastes, allowable limits are expressed either in absolute | ||||||
| BOD units or percentage removal. The government has | ||||||
| pushed wastewater management on the individual industrial | ||||||
| establishment. However, pollution control systems are | ||||||
| affordable only to large establishments but small to | ||||||
| medium industries are having difficulties putting up | ||||||
| thereby most are not complying with the law. | ||||||
| Driven by the growing evidence of environmental decline, | ||||||
| fears of its impact on valuable tourist assets, effects | ||||||
| on the safety and health of the people and by the new | ||||||
| approaches arising from institutional and technological | ||||||
| innovations, the recently enacted Philippine Clean Water | ||||||
| Act of 2004 is envisioned to provide a comprehensive | ||||||
| sewerage and wastewater management program to abate water | ||||||
| pollution of the country's water resources. | ||||||
| ********************************************************** | ||||||
| We appreciate your comments or opinion on SBMC Homepage | ||||||
| and this newsletter. Especially, if you would send us a | ||||||
| report about current status of water environment, sewerage | ||||||
| works, etc. in your country, it should be grateful. | ||||||
| The address of SBMC Homepage is | ||||||
| <http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/>, | ||||||
| and please send an e-mail to www@sbmc.or.jp with your | ||||||
| comments. | ||||||
| ---------------------------------------------------------- | ||||||
| If you wish to subscribe, please send an e-mail to | ||||||
| register@sbmc.or.jp | ||||||
| with following items. | ||||||
| Name, e-mail Address, Country, Organization, Title, | ||||||
| Address, Participant Year of Sewage Works Engineering | ||||||
| Course if you participated, Your Comment or Opinion | ||||||
| if you have. | ||||||
| If registered information is changed, please send an | ||||||
| e-mail which includes following items with new information | ||||||
| to change@sbmc.or.jp | ||||||
| At this time, also please write following items that were | ||||||
| not changed. | ||||||
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| Address, Your Comment or Opinion if you have. | ||||||
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| with following items. | ||||||
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| ********************************************************** | ||||||