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SBMC Newsletter
From Sewerage Business Management Center
<http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/>
Vol.5 No.2
August 2, 2007
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This is the 18th Issue of SBMC Newsletter provided by
Sewerage Business Management Center quaterly.

SBMC Newsletter covers Japan's ODA information in the field
of sewage works and current situation of sewage works in
Japan.

If you wish to subscribe or unsubscribe or were subscribed
in error, please refer to the instruction below on how to
register or unsubscribe.

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The contents of this issue are as follows.

1. STORMWATER CONTROL IN URBAN AREA
Establishment of Safety City for Heavy Rain

2.

GUIDELINE FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FOR SEWERAGE
SYSTEM

Necessary Preparation for the Commencement of User
Service and O&M

3. REPORT FROM PARTICIPANTS IN 2006 SEWAGE WORKS
ENGINEERING AND STORMWATER DRAINAGE TECHNOLOGY JICA
TRAINING PROGRAM

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1. STORMWATER CONTROL IN URBAN AREA
Establishment of Safety City for Heavy Rain

One of the essential roles of Sewerage Systems is stormwater
drainage.

Efficient stormwater drainage control is needed to
secure citizen's

life and property against flooding and contribute to
the sound urban development.

Please refer to
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/051026/Major_Objectives
_of_Sewerage_Systems.htm

In recent year, total amount of stormwater runoff
has been increasingbecause of reduction of permeable
area by urban development. Before unbanization,
there is wide permeable area such as farming land
andforest, but after urbanization, rainwater
permeable area has decreasedas a result of increase
of roads area, construction of buildings, etc.
Then, most of rainwater does not penetrate into the
ground, and totalamount of stormwater runoff has
increased. However, the flowing capacityof existing
rivers or channels is usually constant and increased
amount of stormwater runoff has caused the flooding
in urban area.

By urbanization, flooding has often occurred in the
developed area where there had been no flooding.

To cope with this new typeof floodingin urban area,

following counter measures have been implemented.

1) Construction of Stormwater Drainage Facilities
such as Trunk Stormwater Pipe and Pumping
Facilities

To make up for shortage of flowing capacity of
existing stream or river for increased stormwater
runoff, rainwater drainage pipe has been constructed.
Usually, there is little space for drainage facility
in urban area, these pipes are constructed under
ground. As collected rainwater in the pipe is
transported by gravity, at the end of the pipe,
pumping facility is constructed to lift the rainwater
and discharge it to the main river or ocean. In Osaka
City, Naniwa Grand Floodway construction project
consisting of Suminoe Pumping Station with a capacity
of 75m3/s and 12.2km long trunk sewer with maximum
inside diameter of 6.5m was completed in 1999, and
commenced full-scale operation in April, 2000.

2)

Construction of Rainwater Storage Facilities

In rain event, some part of stormwater is stored in
storage facilities to prevent the flooding, and stored
rainwater is discharged to the river after rain event.
Rainwater storage facility has an effect toreduce peak
flow by storage, though total stormwater runoff
amount is not reduced. There are two types of storage
facilities, On-site type and Off-site type. In the
case of On-site type, rainwater is stored under the
park or playground, and in the case of Off-site type
such as stormwater reservoir for flood control,
stormwater tank, and stormwater storage pipe,

rainwater is collected, transported and stored at
other location.

3)

Constriction of Stormwater Infiltration Facilities

By installing stormwater infiltration facilities

such as infiltrationinlet, infiltration trench and

permeable pavement, part of rainwaterpenetrates into

the ground, and total stormwater runoff can be

reduced to prevent the flooding.

In addition to these constructions of facilities,
following measuresare also quite important.

1)

Provision of information to the residents
It is desired that hazard map indicating the danger
area for floodingand degree of flood risk, means of
escape, etc. are informed to theresidents in advance.

2)

Information sharing

Relating information should be shared with river
administrator, responsible person of underground
facilities like subway, mall, etc.

3)

Rapid and efficient management

Rapid and effective management by installing of

rainfall radar and rainfall information system,

remote control of pumping facilities, etc.

are also conducted in Japan.

In Osaka city, a rainfall radar has been installed
on the roof of a 200m-high building in the city to
observe rainfall on a real time basis to minimize
flood damage. The observed data are transmitted
online to Wastewater Treatment Plants, Pumping
Stations, and other facilities to control facilities
and respond accurately to citizen's inquiries.
"Rainfall Information Service" has been implemented
since 1999, and citizens can directly access radar
information on rainfall via facsimile or the Internet.

In order to cope with flooding in urban area,
provision of informationto the residents,
information sharing, and rapid and efficient
management are important in addition to the
construction of stormwater drainage, storage, and
infiltration facilities, and comprehensive
countermeasures for flooding in urban area should
be established in cooperation with local communities
and residents.

You can see the illustrated version of this issue in
the following web page.

http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/070731/Stromwater
control_in_urban_area.html

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2.

GUIDELINE FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FOR
SEWERAGE SYSTEM
Necessary Preparation for the Commencement of User
Service and O&M

In order to preserve the water quality in public water
bodies, theconstructed sewerage facilities should be
rationally and effectivelymaintained and operated.

For example, the treated water quality should meet
the relating regulation and standard, and the relating
laws should be examinedbefore the start of operation.
To maintain and operate the WTP, broad-based knowledge
and a wide range of skills for civil engineering,
architecture, mechanical and electrical engineering,
chemistry, water quality analysis, biology, etc.
are needed, and high skilled and qualified
engineers are required.

In addition, to commence the user service and O&M of
sewerage systems, several preparations regarding user
charge collection, entrustment of O&M, industrial
wastewater control, ledger and report, etc. are
renecessary, and these preparations are conducted in
one or two years before the start of operation.

In Japan, to maintain and operate sewerage systems
appropriately, "Guideline for the start of Operation
and Maintenance for Sewerage System", which explains
necessary preparation before the commencement of user
service and O&M has been published by Japan Sewage
works Agency.

In this issue, this guideline is briefly explained.
For more information,please visit the following web
page.

http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/070731/Guideline for
the_start_of_O&M_for_SS.html

I. Compliance with Relating Laws

Operation and maintenance of WTP should be conducted
in accordancewith rules, and standards formulated by
relating laws. For instance, in article 21 of Sewerage
Law, it is stated that the general managerof public
sewerage system shall maintain and upkeep the
sewage treatment plant as stipulated by the Cabinet
Order. Also, treated wastewater quality should meet
the standards regulated by sewerage law.

Please refer to the following web page, which explains
the laws and relating regulation for O&M of WTP in
Japan.

http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/070731/Guideline
for_the_start_of_O&M_for_SS.html

II. Staff Assignment Plan and Management System

1) Staff Aassignment plan is made as a part of O&M
implementation plan including clarification of
O&M contents and establishment of O&M Manual
(Sewer System and WTP).

2) Management System (Resident type control or Patrol
type control, Remote monitoring and control, Direct
management or Entrustment, Night shift, Working
hour, etc.) should be also considered.

III. Securement of Qualified Engineers
Following qualified engineers are necessary for O&M.
1) Engineers for O&M regulated by Sewerage Law
2) Legal Work Chief at Insufficient Oxygen Site
3) Lead Engineer for Electricity
4) Lead Engineer for special facility and control
hazardous materials
(ex. Boiler, storage of Oil, generator)
5) Responsible engineer for Safely Work
6) Others
Also, engineers training plan is necessary for
rational O&M.

IV. Sewerage System Ordinance and User Charge

Sewerage System Ordinance, which formulates following
issues is needed before the commencement of user
service and O&M.
1) Connection facility to public sewer system and its
management
2) Wastewater pretreatment facility
3) User Charge (Specific Value, and system in
Administrative area)
4) Basic Principles and Calculation methods for user
charge Moreover, following issues should be examined
before the start of operationof WTP.

V. Cost Estimation for O&M

VI. Entrustment of O&M

VII. Monitoring and Control of Specified Facilities
relating to Industrial Wastewater

VIII. Forecast of Inflow Wastewater for Rational
Wastewater Treatment

IX.Ledger, and Daily and Monthly Report

In detail, please visit the following web page.

http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/070731/Guideline_for_the
start_of_O&M_for_SS.html

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3. REPORT FROM PARTICIPANT IN 2006 SEWAGE WORKS
ENGINEERING AND STORMWATER DRAINAGE TECHNOLOGY
JICA TRAINING PROGRAM
Mr. Patrick Garfield Daley, from Jamaica

With a total mass area of 10,991sq. Km (water accounting
for 1.45%), Jamaica is the largest English Speaking
Caribbean Country and lies 150Km south of Cuba or
about 850Km south of Miami, USA. Best describe as
mountainous, with the highest mountain reaching 2,250
meters, Jamaica normally enjoys a hot and humid climate
but have plenty of rainfall each year especially during
the month of May, June, October, and Nevember which the
average rainfall being 1267mm.

Presentaly 70% of the Jamaica population of just over
2.6million people enjoy piped water while the other 30%
obtains water from standpipes, water trucks, wayside tanks,
community catchment's or have their own on site supply.
On the other hand only 30% of this population is severed
by central sewerage systems, the other 70% dispose of
their waste through on-site sanitation systems such as
septic tanks, soak away pit and pit latrines.

The National Water Commission (NWC) a central government
owned organization and to which I currently works is the
major provider of water and wastewater service in Jamaica.
This organization is headed by a board of
Commissioners but is operationally manage by a President.
and is assisted by six vice Presidents, each heading
functional departments such as Engineering, strategic
Planning, Finance and Administration and Human Resource
Management and two(Eastern and Western) Operations
and Maintenance Divisions. As the Manager, Wastewater
of the Eastern Division, I report to the Manager
Technical Services, who reports to the Vice
President of the Eastern Division. My core
responsibility includes managing the Operation and
Maintenance and Rehabilitation Works of all the
wastewater facilities in that Division which spans
7 of the 14 parishes that makes up Jamaica.

Wastewater facilities in my division comprises of 55
Wastewater Treatment Plants, 87 pumping stations and
approximately 400Km of sewer. However most of these
facilities are over 20 years old and unfortunately
are in deplorable condition, due mainly to the fact
that the NWC and the Government of Jamaica neglect
wastewater in the past due mainly to financial
constraint as the NWC only financial source is from
user charges. However in recent times this has reverse,
with great attention now being given this area,
according to the fact that stricter regulation
(BOD-20mg/l, TSS-20mg/l, N-10mg/l, p-4mg/l) of
effluent being discharge from Wastewater Treatment
Plants are being done by two Central Government
Agencies; namely the National Environmental Planning
Agency (NEPA) and the Ministry of Health (MOH).

The sewerage system managed by the NWC is of a
separate type while the different type of treatment
process that treats only domestic wastewater: Aerated
Lagoon, Contact Stabilization, Extended Aeration,
Oxidation Ditch, Primary Treatment and Waste
Stabilization Ponds, Tile Fields. Of the total number of
wastewater treatment plants only 8 are municipals systems
while the remaining are community plants.

Effluent is only reused from one wastewater treatment
plant and is used as cooling aid in an electrical
generating plant, else where the effluent is
discharge into rivers, streams and gullies which
all ended up in the Caribbean Sea. Small amount
of sludge is used for agricultural use but
basically it can be concluded that sludge is mainly
dumped in land fills

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report about current status of water environment, sewerage
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and please send an e-mail to www@sbmc.or.jp with your
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