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SBMC Newsletter
From Sewerage Business Management Centre
<http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/>
Vol.2 No.2
29-Jul-04
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This is the Sixth Issue of SBMC Newsletter provided by Sewerage
Business Management Centre quarterly.
SBMC Newsletter covers Japan's ODA information in the field
of sewage works and current situation of sewage works in Japan.
If you wish to subscribe or unsubscribe or were subscribed in
error, please refer to the instruction below on how to register
or unsubscribe.
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The contents of this issue are as follows.
1. RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT DIVISION OF JAPAN
SEWAGE WORKS AGENCY(JS)
Its Role and Activity
Mr.Hirokazu Ishii
Head of Research and Technology Section, JS
2. PARTIAL AMENDMENT OF ENFORCEMENT ORDER OF THE SEWERAGE
LAW
Establishment of the Structural Criteria for Sewerage
Systems
3. REPORT FROM JICA DISPATCHED EXPERT IN INDONESIA
Mr.Masahisa Yamaguchi
Kyusyu Regional Office, JS
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1. RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT DIVISION OF
JAPAN SEWAGE WORKS AGENCY(JS)
Its Role and Activity
Mr.Hirokazu Ishii
Head of Research and Technology Section, JS
Japan sewage Works Agency(JS) provides several technical
supports to local governments, and one of important roles
of JS is research and technology Development.
In SBMC Newsletter Vol.1 No.3, we reported newly developed
technology by JS R&D Division. In this issue, Mr.Ishi, Head
of R&D Section of JS, makes a report of role and activity
of Research and Technology Development Division of JS.
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The Research and Technology Development Division of Japan
Sewage Works Agency as a support organization for local
governments develops new technologies relating sewerage
systems, implements test study, and promotes the practical
use and encourages broad use of developed technologies.
The range of test study covers the whole fields of sewage
works; Sewage Collection System, Wastewater Treatment,
Sludge Treatment, Reuse and Effective Use of Sewage and
Sewerage Facilities, Maintenance and Operation,
Conservation of Surrounding Environment, Design and
Construction, etc.
The main roles of JS R&D Division are as follows
1) Experiment and Research
JS R&D Division conducts new technology development
regarding sewerage systems. Experiment and Research consists
of proper research independently conducted by JS, entrusted
research by central or local governments, and joint research
with other organizations or private companies. These researches
and test studies are performed at main office of R&D Division
located in Toda City and in Experiment Fields in Mouka City.
The main subjects of R&D Division in F.Y. 2004 are listed in
the following web page.
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/200407/JS_Division_Research_
Subjects_in_FY2004.htm
2) Technology Evaluation
On introduction of newly developed technology to actual
projects, these new technologies should be evaluated
objectively and fairly with regard to its performance, points
to notice in designs and/or maintenance stages, etc. To carry
out this kind of evaluation, JS organized the Technology
Evaluation Committee as an advisory organization in FY 1974.
The Committee consists of academy experts and well
experienced engineers of central and local governments. The
evaluated technologies by the committee are shown in the
following web page.
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/200407/Evaluated_Technologies
_by_JS.htm
3) Encouragement of Broad Use of Newly Developed Technology
The outcome of technology development and test study has been
introduced in web pages and published in bulletin report,
annual report, and e-mail newsletter.  Also, the outcome has
been released in the conference, magazines, etc.
After newly developed technology are evaluated by the
Technology Evaluation Committee, these new technologies are
registered on the list of new technologies, and JS engineers
decide to introduce the technology to local governments based
on the each site's condition. Then, two or three years later
from the introduction, follow-up survey is conducted and the
newly developed and introduced technology is reevaluated by
the Committee based on the data collected by follow-up survey.
Finally, in accordance with the result of reevaluation,
design standards or maintenance manual would be improved,
and introduced technology would be upgraded.
The summary of newly developed and evaluated technologies by
JS are shown in the following web page.
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/Page.htm
Since the establishment of JS, R&D Division has developed and
evaluated lots of new technologies and promoted the practical
use of newly developed technologies, and the outcome of R&D
Division has been widely applied to the construction or
maintenance of sewerage systems.  Hereafter, JS R&D Division
as support organization for local governments continues to
promote the technology development to preserve clean water
and comfortable life environment.
For details and to see the illustrated version of this report,
please go to following web page.
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/200407/Research
_and_Techology_Development2.htm
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2. PARTIAL AMENDMENT OF ENFORCEMENT ORDER OF THE SEWERAGE
LAW Establishment of the Structural Criteria for Sewerage
Systems
The sewerage systems in Japan have been planned, constructed,
managed and maintained based on the Sewerage Law of which
objective is to develop sewerage systems, thereby
contributing to sound urban development and enhancement of
public sanitation as well as conservation of water quality in
public water bodies.
Regarding the law, partial amendment was made on the
Enforcement Order of the Sewerage Law on September 2003 and
came into forth in April 2004.
As for the structural criteria of sewerage systems, in article
7 of the Sewerage Law it is prescribed that the structure of
sewerage systems shall meet the technical standards set forth
by the Cabinet Order, and these standards were established.
One of newly established structural criteria for wastewater
facilities is introduction of "planning final effluent water
quality" in terms of BOD, Nitrogen and Phosphorus which
should be decided by the general manager of sewerage systems
considering the condition of public water bodies in which
treated effluent water is discharged in accordance with
ministerial ordinances. According to the classification of
planning effluent water quality, the appropriate wastewater
treatment process should be adopted.
Also, in article 8 of the Sewerage Law, it is prescribed
that the water quality discharged from sewerage systems to
the river or other public water bodies or the sea shall
conform to the technical standards stipulated by Cabinet
Order, and these standards for water quality were amended
and established.
The technical standards for final effluent water quality
were set up in two cases. In case the amount of rainwater
has little influence to treated water quality for separate
sewer systems or combined sewer systems in fine weather,
technical standards for pH, number of coliform group and
Suspended Solids were settled uniformly. As for BOD, Nitrogen
and Phosphorus, previously mentioned planning effluent water
quality is applied.
In case the amount of rainwater makes an impact on the
treated water quality, namely in combined sewer systems,
when wastewater is overflowed from weir in sewer systems or
wastewater is discharged to public water bodies directly from
pumping facility or from Wastewater Treatment Plant with
primary treatment like sedimentation in wet weather, the
technical standards for water quality were also set up. At
the same time, measuring methods of water quality and
frequency of measurements were regulated
In this amendment, the necessity and target of CSO controls
have become clear, and the technical standards for final
effluent water quality have been reinforced. In this
respect, this amendment of enforcement order indicates one
of future direction of sewage works in Japan.
For more information, please visit and check the following
web page that was newly added in SBMC Homepage.
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/200407/Partial_amendment_of
_Enforcement_Order_of_the_Sewerage_Law.htm
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3. REPORT FROM JICA DISPATCHED EXPERT IN INDONESIA
Mr.Masahisa Yamaguchi
Kyusyu Regional Office, JS
I am Masahisa Yamaguchi working in Kyusyu Regional Office
of Japan Sewage Works Agency. I stayed in Indonesia as JICA
Expert from June 2001 to March 2004. I worked in Ministry of
Public Works in Indonesia.
Indonesia is an archipelago located in South East Asia,
which consists of about 13,500 islands. In those islands,
about 6,000 are inhabited, and there are five larger islands,
Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi, and Irian. The population
is about 200 million, and 60% of the total population is
inhabited in Java. Administratively, the total land area is
divided into 27 provinces which are called level I local
government, 254 districts of level II local government, 3,600
sub-districts and more than 66,000 villages.
Currently, Indonesian economy has been growing, and the
economic structure is transforming from agriculture to
industrial sector. The situation has changed toward a modern
industrialization. Due to this economic growth and the change
of social structure, the population has been concentrated in
urban area and Republic Indonesia(RI) has also faced on the
water pollution issues.
Indonesia’s National guidelines, called as “Garis-garis
Besar Haluan Negara (GBHN) formulates the improvement of
housing and settlement as basic human needs, which will lead
to clean and healthy living environments, and the government
set the Clean River Program called Prokasih to improve the
water environment. To support this program, the Ministry of
Public Works, encourage the local governments to improve
human waste management through the development of on-site
and off-site sanitation.
The program criteria regarding the development of wastewater
facilities are as follows.
High density areas with more than 250 inhabitants per hectare
should be served by sewerage system, funded by developers
with cost recovery by the users.
Medium density areas with more than 100 inhabitants per
hectare should be served by communal septic tank or
interceptors with small scale wastewater treatment plant.
Low density areas with more than 50 inhabitants can adopt
on site sanitation system such as septic tank.
Most of domestic wastewater has been treated by on site
treatment plant such as septic tank, leaching pit and
communal septic tank. The domestic wastewater from high rise
building is treated before discharge to the canal. The sludge
tank is transported by disludgeing truck to the sludge
treatment plant. All the capital city of the 27 province
(government level I) in Indonesia have sludge treatment plant
and part of government level II has this sludge treatment
plant.
As for off site treatment in Indonesia, wastewater treatment
plants also have been constructed, and treatment process of
major cities is as follows.
Jakarta          : Aerated pond System
Yogyakarta       : Aerated lagoon
Bali             : Oxidation Pond
Medan            : Aerated lagoon
In Jakarta, Jakarta Sewerage and Sanitation Project(JSSP)
commenced in 1983, and aerated lagoons with drying bed for
sludge treatment were constructed. In Yogyakarta, the
sewerage network and house connection and sewerage treatment
plant was funded by Japanese grant aid (JICA). The outline
of the project is shown in the following Web Page.
http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/example_of_oda.html
From Indonesia, totally 24 engineers have participated JICA
Sewage Works Engineering JICA Training Course, and each of
them has played an important role for preservation of water
environment.  Hereafter, I hope this course will continue to
contribute to environmental conservation in each country.
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about current status of water environment, sewerage works,
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and please send an e-mail to www@sbmc.or.jp 
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